Description Essay Sample - What You Need to Know

Description Essay Sample - What You Need to KnowYou have probably been reading many different essays online and you may be getting confused about which essay you should use. There are a lot of samples that are available online, but most of them are extremely boring, dry and the information does not have any impact on your grade. The problem is that if you are reading them in the wrong way, it may not even affect your grade.If you have been wondering about which essay to use, you can simply refer to the essay sample for a quick introduction of the subject and an introduction to the essay itself. There are some people who feel that an introduction is more important and this will be a good guide to make sure that you get what you need.In a description essay, you will be given a word or phrase to describe your topic. This can be written by you or some other person. In some cases, it will not matter what you decide to write because it will be included in the 'to do' list at the end of the essay.The first sentence of the body sentence will include a definition of the topic and the next line will tell you to put a specific idea in the body. Some samples include sentences like:'In order to make him think about what it is to live everyday like him, I decided to keep this article as much like a diary as possible.' Or:'My husband and I had talked about trying to figure out how to be more like our children so I decided to try and describe our daily routine when our children were in the room. I am trying to live like my children.'You will be given examples of different types of writing and you will need to use a variety of different examples. Each of these examples will be given a score and you will need to combine all of these scores together in order to determine which type of essay is best.

Ancient Chinese Invented Gunpowder

Ancient Chinese Invented Gunpowder Few substances in history have had as profound an effect on human history as gunpowder, yet its discovery in China was an accident. Contrary to myth, it was not simply used for fireworks but was put to military uses from its time of discovery. Eventually, this secret weapon leaked out to the rest of the medieval world. Chinese Alchemists Tinker With Saltpeter and Make Gunpowder Ancient alchemists in China spent centuries trying to discover an elixir of life that would render the user immortal. One important ingredient in many of the failed elixirs was saltpeter, also known as potassium nitrate. During the Tang Dynasty, around 850 A.D., an enterprising alchemist (whose name has been lost to history) mixed 75 parts saltpeter with 15 parts charcoal and 10 parts sulfur. This mixture had no discernable life-lengthening properties, but it did explode with a flash and a bang when exposed to an open flame. According to a text from that era, smoke and flames result, so that [the alchemists] hands and faces have been burnt, and even the whole house where they were working burned down. Use of Gunpowder in China Many western history books over the years have stated that the Chinese used this discovery only for fireworks, but that is not true. Song Dynasty military forces as early as 904 A.D. used gunpowder devices against their primary enemy, the Mongols. These weapons included flying fire (fei huo), an arrow with a burning tube of gunpowder attached to the shaft. Flying fire arrows were miniature rockets, which propelled themselves into enemy ranks and inspired terror among both men and horses. It must have seemed like fearsome magic to the first warriors who were confronted with the power of gunpowder. Other Song military applications of gunpowder included primitive hand grenades, poisonous gas shells, flamethrowers and landmines. The first artillery pieces were rocket tubes made from hollow bamboo shoots, but these were soon upgraded to cast metal. McGill University professor Robin Yates notes that the worlds first illustration of a cannon comes from Song China, in a painting from about 1127 A.D. This depiction was made a century and a half before Europeans began to manufacture artillery pieces. The Secret of Gunpowder Leaks Out of China By the mid- to late-eleventh century, the Song government had become concerned about gunpowder technology spreading to other countries. The sale of saltpeter to foreigners was banned in 1076. Nonetheless, knowledge of the miraculous substance was carried along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East, and Europe. In 1267, a European writer made reference to gunpowder, and by 1280 the first recipes for the explosive mixture were published in the west. Chinas secret was out. Down through the centuries, Chinese inventions have had a profound effect on human culture. Items like paper, the magnetic compass, and silk have diffused around the world. None of those inventions, however, have had quite the impact that gunpowder has, for good and for bad.

NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS Essays - Free Essays

NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS Essays - Free Essays NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS PAIN RELIEVING DRUGS AUTHOR [Pick the date] Pain relieving medications or better known as analgesics, are the type of drugs used to relieve pain. The analgesics work by either stopping the pain signals from reaching the brain or they alter the brains perception to these signals. These medications prevent the brain by not allowing the pain signals to be processed. Analgesics do not depend on anesthesia or any loss of consciousness to achieve their pain relieving goal. Since the process of pain is complex, there are different types of drugs that provide relief by acting in different mechanisms. The different types of analgesics can be categorized as follows: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that act on substances in the body causing inflammation, pain, and fever. Corticosteroids are usually injected at the site of musculoskeletal injuries exerting powerful anti-inflammatory effects. Oral administration is also done to relieve pain from, for example, arthritis. Acetaminophen acts on the body's pain threshold by increasing it several folds having little or no effect on inflammation. Opioids (narcotic analgesics) act by modifying pain messages in the brain. Muscle relaxants produce sedative effect in the central nervous system thus, reducing pain from tense muscle groups. Anti-anxiety drugs work by reducing anxiety, relaxing muscles, and helping the patients cope with discomfort. Antidepressants, especially the tricyclics, reduce transmission of pain through the spinal cord. Anticonvulsant drugs relieve pain by stabilizing nerve cells. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the choice of drugs for relieving pain as well as inflammation corresponding to conditions ranging from headaches to osteoarthritis. Aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen are considered as the non prescription drugs that are available easily with any non-pharmaceutical retailer also. NSAIDs are useful in relieving pain related to arthritis, gout, muscle sprains and strains, trauma pain, headaches, eye pain, ear pain, dental pain, orofacial pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, arm and wrist pain, menstrual cramps, joint pain, leg pain, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome etc. NSAIDs work by interfering in the production of prostaglandins, the chemicals responsible for promoting inflammation, pain and fever. They are also helpful in protecting stomach and intestinal lining from the damaging effects of acid. They are also helpful in activating blood platelets for blood clotting and promote normal kidney functions. Prostaglandins are produced by enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX), which are of two types COX-1 and COX-2. Both these enzymes promote inflammation, pain and fever, but, only COX-1 produces prostaglandins that activates platelets and protect intestinal and stomach lining. Since, NSAIDs block these COX enzymes reducing inflammation, pain and fever; they cause ulcers in the stomach and intestine increasing the risk of bleeding. Other side effects of NSAIDs include stomach upset, drowsiness, dizziness, skin rashes, high blood pressure, nausea, abdominal pain, kidney or liver problems. All NSAIDs although have same mechanism of action but it is seen that individuals who do not respond to one type of this drug may respond to another one, reasons for which are still not known. NSAIDs differ in their potency, duration of action and their tendency to cause ulcers and cause bleeding as they all differ in their ability to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2. NSAIDs are shown in approximately 25% of all adverse drug reactions, the most common adverse reaction being GI irritation. A 3-fold increase in gastrointestinal hemorrhages is seen by using these drugs, although 10-fold estimates have also been reported in the literature. These drugs are not considered appropriate for people who suffer from stomach problems as these people are at a higher risk for stomach bleeding. Aspirin is the only NSAID drug which is not involved in increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events example heart attack or stroke. References: emedexpert.com/compare/pain-medications.shtml nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/painrelievers.html rxlist.com/pain_medications/drugs-condition.htm

Wind power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Wind power - Essay Example I selected wind energy as my topic as it is a renewable source which has no harmful results. It is safe for the environment and the people also. I will explain in the project about global warming. Then i will explain green house effect and carbon dioxide effect. Then will come the turn to explain wind energy and its benefits. The advantages it has to the environment. It is a non-renewable source of energy. It is formed when dead plants and animals are buried in the earth for millions of years. There are many types which exist in this world. They are burned to give energy. Over 86% of our needs today are met because of burning of fossil fuel.2 Now days, global warming is a very big issue being discussed everywhere. It is defined as the average increase in earth’s temperature. This increase causes a change in the world climate which is not desired. A hotter earth can lead to natural disasters like rainfalls, melting if the snow and increase in sea level. It also has a huge impact on the plants animals living in this world and also the humans. The biggest problem is that nobody notices the change in temperature but in future the change will be very harmful.3 Coming to the fact about green house gases. What is this? The earth is surrounded by various gasses which are holded by the gravitational pull. Other than nitrogen and oxygen there are some other gasses in the atmosphere also. These gases have traces made up of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Neon, Helium, Methane, Hydrogen, Nitrous Oxide and Ozone. The human activities result in emission of four principal greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and the halocarbons. All these gasses have GWP (Global Warming Potential).4 The radiation of the sun passes through the atmosphere; are absorbed by the green house gasses and in turn increase the temperature of the earth surface and lower atmosphere. It has now been understood

Why is the Equality and Diversity agenda important in the workplace Essay

Why is the Equality and Diversity agenda important in the workplace - Essay Example This being the case, the allocation of rewards and compensation among individuals is fairly done. Having equality and appreciating diversity in the workplace enables all the workers to have same working opportunities with due regard to the differences that exist between individuals (Garbers and Dupper, 2009). Failure to treat people equally at within the organizational setup may damage the culture and reputation of the company. Treating people equally in a workplace is essential if the organization has to operate effective and production maintained high. This is because inequality leads to poor morale among workers and sometimes laziness among those who are favoured (Garbers and Duppers, 2009). Equality also removes certain barriers to employment and career success for minority groups such as discrimination. The existence of diversity in the workplace in some cases leads to an increasing in positive competition and higher efficiency as the organisation hires qualified and energetic people and who have varieties of talents and skills (Cornelius, 2002). This helps and motivates the employers to develop their potentials and talents of the workforce hence utilising and maximising the efficiency of the organisation. Every employee in the organisation is entitled to a working condition that that promotes self esteem and respect in spite of their differences. Diversity in the workplace makes employees be able to understand and appreciate other people’s cultures according to Estlund (2003). Diversity in a work place, honours and appreciates skills, talents and knowledge of people at work by adding special richness toward teamwork and cohesiveness. The existence of diversity in the company provides an opportunity to workers to learn new skills and foster their various talents. Profit and non-profit companies requires diversity to become innovative, creative and open to changes hence

Concepts in solution focused brief therapy

Concepts in solution focused brief therapy SFBT, believe that solutions ensue when there is a change in negative interactive patterns and behaviour and as such, giving new meaning to clients problems and tools necessary to solve their them (Stalker et al., 1999). SFBT does not pathologize but rather focuses on clients strengths (Gehart and Tuttle, 2003). It orients clients to a solution talk rather than problem talk. The SF, therapist therefore works with the clients to find solutions as they occur. This pragmatic approach to therapy utilizes concepts that enabled clients to find solutions (Cunanan, McCollum, 2006). This modality strongly supports the view that there are solutions to almost every problem and that everyone has the capability to solve their own problems. The SF, therapist believes that people are dynamic and not static and that change is constantly occurring. The SF, therapist explores with the clients problem areas that they want to change in their lives while encouraging the continuance of areas that are currently working for them. The therapists and clients then co- construct concrete goals of a preferred future and subsequently create a change within themselves (Lewis and Osborn, 2004). There are many concepts which play a vital role in this modality, these include: re-session change (Lawson, 1994; Lethem 2006, 2002), moving from a problem saturated talk to solution-focused talk (Langdridge, 2006; Lethem 2002; Talyor, 2005), looking at the exception to the problem (Ruddick, 2008), viewing change as a constant, recognizing that language has meaning and experiencing hope (Gehart and Tuttle, 2003). Pre-session change The pre-session change is the concept that assesses to see if there have been any changes for the client prior to beginning their initial session (Weiner-Davis, 1987 as cited in Lawson, 1994). This pre-session change is an integral part of therapy as it helps the therapist to begin a dialogue in focusing on the solution and helps the client to see the possibility of change (Lethem, 2002). Problem saturated talk to solution talk According to Taylor (2005), moving from the problem-saturated story to a solution talk is one of the main goals of therapy. The problem-saturated story usually occurs during the initial stage of therapy. The therapist will take a non-judgmental stance to the client story while formulating the problem that the client is sharing, while gently helping the client to shift focus and explore possible solutions. The therapist also helps in directing the clients to make goals that they would like to accomplish during and after the course of therapy (Jordan, Quinn, 1994). During this process the therapist takes a curious/neutral stance in understanding the client and their presenting issue. While the therapist focuses on the here and now of the problem and how its currently affecting the client, they help to re-focus the client in the direction towards the future (Adam et.al., 1991 as cited in Jordan Quinn, 1994). The SFBT therapist re-directs clients from a problem saturated story to a state of solution oriented story. This shift allows the therapist to begin the process of building upon the clients strength in order to help them to identify solutions to their problem (OHanlon and Wiener-Davis, 1989 as cited in Reiter, 2007). Looking at the exceptions to the problems Eliciting feedback from the client about the differences when the problem did not occur, or occurred with less severity, helps the therapist identify strengths, embedded in exceptions that the client can utilize in the future, (De Jong Berg, 2002). The use of expectancy, derived from the work of Milton Erickson, was utilized by de Shazer utilized to help clients capitalize on the resource they possess within themselves to solve their problem. The art of solution focused therapy involves not only bringing awareness to the exceptions of problems but rather the solutions that lies in their repertories. According to O Hanlon, (1999) there should be positive expectancy talk. Change is constantly happening and hope This therapy assumes that nothing is always the same, it is the belief that change is occurring all the time and small change is generative, as one small changes leads to larger changes. Additionally, this assumption also means that problems are only as big as ones definition to them. Our definition defines both the experience and size of the problem. Change occurs when clients can look at the exceptions to their problems and make that shift from the problem-saturated story to solution-focused talk (Simon, Joel K. Nelson, Thorana S. 2007). Change can be measured with scaling questions, so as to get an overview of where the client is at and if any small changes have occurred (B.OConnell, 1998). According to Miller, Duncan and Hubble (1996, p 218), hope is the exercising of ones belief that something positive will happen in each session. This takes a team approach, both therapist and client work together actively to get an outcome which finds solutions to the clients problem. Assumptions of Solution Focused Brief Therapy This theory utilizes 12 assumptions, John Walter Jane Peller (1992) from their text Becoming Solution-Focused in Brief Therapy (pp 10-34) described the following assumptions: 1. Focusing on the positive: 2. Having clients identify the exceptions to the problem. 3. Change is occurring all the time. 4. Small change generative, small changing leads to larger changing. 5. Clients are always cooperating. 6. People have the natural resource within themselves to solve their problems. 7. Meaning and experience are interactionally constructed 8. Actions and descriptions are circular. 9. The response you received is the meaning of the message. 10. The client is the expert 11. Change is constantly occurring. 12. A treatment group comprises of members who share stated goals and have desires to accomplish these goals. Nature of Reality in Solution Focused Brief Therapy Reality is the construction of ones language and as such, problems are maintained when ones construction disregard their natural capability and resources. Steve de Shazer, 1991 stated that clients and their belief system constructs reality; reality is therefore invented rather than constructed. In the event that the reality that the client is living in at present is not working for them, then the therapist can gently invite the client to enter into a momentary hypothetical. This allows the client to enter into a reality where anything is virtually possible. This gives the client the opportunity to dream as to what they would be doing in the event that this miracle was to occur. Miller, (1996) stated that therapists can use the intervention of the miracle question to enter into this reality. The use of the miracle question allows the therapist not only to join with the client but to also enter the world of the client. This intervention allows for the client to imagine a better future reality in which they want to create the future (De Shazer, 1991). According to Nelson and Thomas (2007), reality is based on how the client chooses to live their life and their perception of what life is about. Each individual owns the architecture of their reality, and they choose how to shape their world. A therapist can however identify with the reality of their clients through the use of language. According to Harland as cited in de Shazer (1991), language constitutes the human world and the human world constitutes the whole world. In order to understand the clients language, the therapist has to enter into the world of the client and understand what is happening for the client at that moment. This allows the therapist to get a clearer understanding of the clients viewpoint and what motivates them to think as they do (Odell, Butler and Dielma, 2005). In SFBT, therapists respect the clients for who they are and the reality in which they live. The therapist takes a non-judgmental stance and doesnt make comparison with the clients past issues, but rather focuses on the here and now present of the client. Miller posits that therapists respect their clients point of view by understanding the language in which they speak. Language is the clients thoughts that help to shape and express who they are. The therapist and the client enter into a therapeutic relationship through the client language as the main vehicle to their perception of reality. Understanding the clients reality is a process. Initially, the therapist is unable to be a part of the clients reality because they are on the outside; however, as the sessions progress, the therapist becomes more familiar and better able to comprehend the clients language, and subsequently becomes a part of the clients reality (Miller, (1997b) De Shazer et al., argues that people use language to shape their reality and to assist in establishing the meaning of situations, relationships, others and self. They further note that the meanings people assign to a situation may limit the range of solutions to a problem, which is of particular interest to solution-focused therapy. They explained that every individual constructs his or her meaning based on previous experiences, beliefs, family of origin or societal view (De Shazer et al. 1988). Furthermore, they posit that clients stories are usually more problem-saturated than goal-oriented. Hence, it is easier for clients to focus on their problems than the solution. As such, when the therapist and client interact, there is a `co-creation of realties; therefore, differences in perspectives and meanings should be defined Bobele et.al, states expertise lies in the manner in which the conversation is conducted, not in the ability to convey a venerated body of information (Bobele, Gardner, Biever, 1995, p. 16). Philosophy proposes that reality exist objectively in the world irrespective of ones subjectivity, language or thoughts. I believe that a persons perception is his or her reality, and so what I believe becomes my reality; subsequently, what I believe in does not necessarily hold true for someone else. For example, I believe in a supreme being and that is a part of my reality; however, that might not be the reality for another person who sees himself as a God. A persons reality is shaped by his or her beliefs and value-systems, or anything that seems real to him or her whether its conceptualized by the mind or an extension of self or environment. Reality does exist for me, but there are several forms of reality. What I can see and touch and what I believe exists not in a physical state but by fai th. I define truth as being an accurate account of reality -a claim that has been proven factual. However, I would suggest that there might be several versions of truth. Truth can be based on my perception of what is true. But this may not necessarily be factual. For example, others may not share my belief that chocolate tea is pleasant to the taste; hence, truth can also be relative. Furthermore, if everyone were behaving in a certain way and someone came along behaving in the opposite manner, and then the perception would be that something is wrong with him or her, a plausible conception of insanity. If relatively, speaking nothing is innate to a newborn baby if the mind is a blank slate, then everything we know is learned from some source. If your only source told you, the moon was a space ship in the sky, then that would be your truth. After dissecting all these terms, I believe that objective and subjective truths co-exist in my reality. I know that certain things are just facts, yet at the same time I am aware that some things that were previously taught me as truths are not based on factual grounds. For example, my value system is not based on facts, but rather on my beliefs, my truths and my reality. It defines who I am as a person. Having the knowledge that my reality may differ from my clients reality, it is imperative that I am aware of my own bias and not project my reality unto my client, as this would be counterproductive, as the client would be seeing through the lens of my reality and not theirs. It is vital for clients to know what is real for them and how it affects their lives. However, through the therapeutic relationship, my reality may be shared not imposed or forced upon clients when I integrate therapeutic interventions and feedback to clients. SFBT has reinforced for me that language helps to shape ones reality and is a driving force in how we construct or de-construct our reality. Human Nature in Solution Focused Brief Therapy SFBT has a positive approach to therapy and toward clients in general. SFBT views clients as natural problem-solvers who have only lost sight of their ability to solve problems. Another common believe is people are not the problem but the problem is the problem. Furthermore, it utilizes and enhances the clients capability. Every person has the natural resource needed to cope even before the use of interventions. Hence the therapy process should constitute of promoting and finding the solutions that naturally lies within the clients (Peller, J.L., Walker J., 1992a). This theory also reinforced the concept that the client is the expert, and the solutions lie within them. In SFBT, the client is the expert, and the facilitator takes the position of not knowing and of leading from one step behind through solution-focused questioning and responding. SFBT is focused on finding solutions not problems and therefore does not look at a person in the sense of being maladjusted. It is the behaviour that causes maladjustment and not the innate qualities of the person. The clients narrative determines much about the repeated patterns of dysfunctional behavior (Peller, J.L., Walker J., 1992b). In SFBT therapy, the client knows the solution, and the role of the therapist is help clients to identify these solutions while maintaining a respectful and supportive role and not to be confrontational but, only make suggestions are necessary alternatives (De Jong Berg, 1998, p. 21). In SFBT, the therapist is seen as a collaborator and consultant, there to help clients achieve their goals. With SFBT, clients do most of the talking, and what they talk about is considered the cornerstone of the resolution of their complaints. Usually, SFBT therapists will use more indirect methods such as the use of extensive questioning about previous solutions and exceptions (De Jong Berg, 1998, p. 21). Self is the consciousness of ones own identity; it is what defines me as an individual. It is the component that makes up my personality. Self is who I am as an individual, which comprises my strengths, limitations, dreams, fears, likes and dislikes. My sense of self follows a consistent pattern personality and behavior does not change, and is made up of past, present experiences, values and cultural background. In contrast to this, the essential self is more of the ideal self; it is the self I hope to be, the self I desire to accomplish. Murray Bowen speaks about the solid self, which is highly differentiated free of emotional process. However, for me, the solid self is like my essential self where I am more highly differentiated, less reactive, and accepting of my faults. It is a wiser me, a mature, less indecisive me, an empowered me. The main difference between the two selves is one, the self is who I am in reality and the essential self is who I hope and want to be. I believe what makes individuals different is their individuals background and cultural/family values. Furthermore, ones environment and genetics both influence what makes each of us who we are. What makes me who I am today are my culture and family values, the environment that I grew up in, the parenting style that I experienced and my experiences. This academic programmed has greatly influence my way of thinking, and has forced me to do a lot of introspection, which has been an avenue that Ive used to better understand myself. One major thing that my life experiences have taught me is that the difficulties I have encountered in my life can be likened to my life test. I feel at times Ive been given the same exam over with a few changes in the questions and by now I have to come to know the end results. As this process unfolds I have become less anxious as I believe the end result will be successful and if not its ok as I can rest assured that this test will come again. I have always been given the opportunity to take my life test over and with each success; I have become stronger and empowered. With each failure Ive also experience growth as I make adjustments so as to do better. I believe that in order for an individual to experience a fulfilling life, they should live with (1) with no regrets and know that what they do is done to the fullest. (2) Accept the things they cannot change and (3) learn from their mistakes, which will by extension make them stronger. Nature of change in Solution Focused Brief Therapy In the solution-focused approach, change is viewed as a process that is inevitable and constant (de Shazer, 1985), clients situations may often fluctuate and often the small changes may seemingly go. Therefore, it is imperative for therapist to help clients to identify when these changes occur and attempt to identify circumstances and behaviors that encourage the desired change (de Shazer, 1985b). In assessing the problem, the therapist looks for past, present or even future exceptions, in addition to identifying clients strengths, this may enable them to reach some solutions. Solution-focused brief therapy focuses exclusively or predominantly on two things (1) helping clients to achieve their desired outcome through the setting of personal goals and (2) looking at the exceptions to the problems through the implementation of previous solutions. (de Shazer, 1985c). Change is in my viewpoint a permanent modification of behavior. While change is dynamic there is some amount of finality to it, something that is adjusted can be re-adjusted, but true change has a degree of permanence. Change removes us from our comfort zone. Change has a ripping effect on those who wont let go. Change happens for me when I confront and accept that I need a behavioral modification. Acceptance for me is the turning point for change. Change begins in my heart having that desire to want better; it might be awkward and uncomfortable at first, but then it becomes more accepting and more understanding. What I have gathered from doing this research and attending classes is that therapy as a process aids understanding and recovery from psychological difficulties. Therapy deals with underlying issues spanning across inter/intrapersonal conflicts, for example depression and marital conflict. Therapy provides an avenue to express ones feelings, understand patterns of thinking, gain perspective or knowledge surrounding past events and to obtain guidance to the right path. I believe therapy happens when one consciously seeks help for change; when there is a willingness to work on ones self, therapy ensues. Therapy happens when change occurs. For me, this program has been one big therapy session and my change has occurred in small increments, based on my willingness to visualize the change in my mind and take the steps necessary to execute that change. That change for me is feeling exposed, honest with myself but freshly aware of who I am as an individual. The relationship between client and therapist is integral, as it determines whether that client leaves the therapy room being a more mentally healthy person or worse off than when they first entered. According to Carl Rogers, the therapeutic relationship forms the foundation for treatment. If a helping relationship is not the number one priority in the treatment process, then clinicians are doing a great disservice to their clients as well as to the field of therapy as a whole. I strongly believe that for me to have a successful outcome in therapy, I must first join with my client, showing a genuineness to help, validate and empathize, give positive regard and help set goals with my client. Most of what I have learnt from my professors, advisor, supervisor, classmates, research and life experiences has formed the building blocks of my therapeutic stance. It is my hope that with this foundation, I will be an effective therapist, one that will join with clients in terms of where they are at and help them work through their problems. Furthermore, openness to change and a willingness to adjust so that I can better meet the need of my clients for both therapy and personal growth is intrinsic.

Baldwin Bicycle Company: Background of the Study

BA-561 MAC Abdulgaffur G. Deki Oscar M. Inocencio Chester V. Lagutin Felomena C. Baal Edsel Cariz J. Tiu 12 October 2012 â€Å"Baldwin Bicycle Company† Background of the Study: Baldwin Bicycle Company (BBC) is a full-line bicycle manufacturing company with 40 years of experience. In 1982, BBC has revenue of over $10M for 98,791 units produced. BBC exclusively distributes through independently-owned retailers, their bicycles are known for their above-average quality. In May 1983, a rapid-growing Northwestern discount retail chain, Hi-Valu, Suzanne Leister, VP Marketing, proposed a private-label agreement.Under this program, BBC would manufacture the Challenger line of bicycles exclusively for Hi-Valu. The Challenger line was to be a low-priced value bicycle, sold at retail prices under BBC’s normal product lines. Statement of the problem: What is the overall impact to the company if BBC will accept the proposal in terms of? a. ) PROFIT b. ) RETURN ON SALES c. ) RETURN ON ASSETS d. ) RETURN ON EQUITY Objectives: 1. To be able to show and analyze the proposal depending on the result which will be used to serve as a basis for making decisions. 2.To determine the total relevant cost in producing additional orders for Hi-Valu. Areas of consideration: 1. BBC sales over the next three years would be 100,000 bikes a year if they will forego the Hi-Valu deal. 2. If BBC will accept the offer, 3,000 units will be lost in regular sales volume a year. 3. According to Ms Leister, Vice President for Marketing, she was acutely aware that the â€Å"bicycle boom† had fattened out, and that poor economy had caused Baldwin sales volume to fall. 4. BBC was currently operating its plant at about 75% of capacity meaning, 75,000 units is currently produced. excess capacity 25,000 units) 5. The contract between BBC and Hi-Valu is for three years and will be automatically extended on a year to year basis, unless one party gave notice that it did not wish to extend th e contract. 6. Most of BBC sales were into independently toy stores and bicycles shops, BBC had never before distributed to its product to department store. Its BBC’s first time to deal such client. 7. Hi-Valu wanted to purchase bikes from BBC at lower prices that the wholesale prices of comparable bikes sold through Baldwin usual channels. 8.If the proposal will pursue BBC requirement for purchasing, inventory and production cost will increased. 9. Hi-Valu would hold the units on consignment in its own warehouses and withhold payment until delivery to a specific store. 10. A bicycle would be paid within 30 days once a bicycle was shipped to a specific store or 120 days had elapsed in the regional warehouse. Alternative courses of action: 1. Reject proposal RISKS: a. ) BBC may face continually declining sales due to a poor economy. b. ) BBC will continue to produce at only 75% production capacity. c. Another disadvantage is that the offer price of Hi-Valu was lower than the r egular selling price. d. ) There is an additional cost involved in producing additional units from Hi-Valu the $5,000 additional cost plus the asset related cost. e. ) The possibility that the current dealers of BBC might drop-out line if they find that BBC is making bikes for Hi-Valu. f. ) The freight charge will be shouldered by BBC until it reached the destination of Hi-Valu warehouse. g. ) additional from regular sales of 3,000 units from regular costumers. ADVANTAGES: a. ) Maintain loyalty from current distributors . ) Maintain 40-year reputation for above average quality and price. 2. Accept Proposal RISKS: a. ) Current dealers may drop Baldwin line. b. ) Current dealers may request a similar product c. ) Putting faith in a new product d. ) BBC may find itself with an abundance of Challenger-specific inventory e. ) Extra costs may result in having to use cheaper materials f. ) Loss of â€Å"street cred† ADVANTAGES: a. ) Greater penetration of the mark through new market segments b. ) I f Baldwin name is not on the Challenger bike, BBC’s reputation may not be damaged c. Strong Challenger sales may balance weak Baldwin sales d. ) With Challenger line, BBC will be producing at a higher capacity Recommendation: The group recommends the alternative courses of action number two which state Accept the Proposal. The followi ng computations was the basis of the recommendation. Potential Problem Analysis: 1. Additional cost is involved. 2. Lost additional sales from the costumers 3. Additional investment to finance additional increase in receivables, inventories, record-keeping,tax inventory, handling labor and equipment, possible obsolescence and or damage.